Understanding the Factors Influencing Solar Energy Adoption: The Impact of Awareness and Perceived Barriers in Kokan Region

Abstract

The transition toward renewable energy has become a global priority due to increasing energy demand, environmental concerns, and the need for sustainable development. Among renewable energy sources, solar energy has emerged as a viable solution for reducing dependence on fossil fuels and enhancing energy security. However, despite its numerous environmental and economic benefits, the adoption of solar energy technology remains uneven across different regions, largely due to variations in public awareness and perceived barriers. This study examines the level of awareness and understanding of solar energy technology and its benefits among residents across three Zones (Zone A – North Kokan, Zone B – Middle Kokan, Zone C – South Kokan) and investigates the influence of perceived barriers on solar energy adoption intentions. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed, using a structured questionnaire administered to 303 respondents selected through stratified random sampling from the three Zones. The study measured three key constructs: awareness and understanding of solar energy technology, perceived barriers to solar energy adoption, and intention to adopt. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression. The findings revealed significant differences in awareness and understanding of solar energy technology among residents across the three Zones (F = 21.54, p < 0.005), indicating that geographical and socio-economic factors may influence knowledge levels regarding renewable energy technologies. The study further found that perceived barriers significantly affect residents' intentions to adopt solar energy (R² = 0.480, p < 0.005). Among the barriers examined, high installation cost emerged as the strongest predictor of adoption reluctance (β = -0.412, p < 0.005), followed by lack of information (β = -0.276, p < 0.005) and technical concerns (β = -0.183, p < 0.005). The study concludes that enhancing public awareness and addressing financial, informational, and technical barriers are critical for increasing solar energy adoption. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, renewable energy agencies, and stakeholders seeking to develop targeted interventions, awareness campaigns, and financial support mechanisms to promote the widespread adoption of solar energy technology. Future research may extend the analysis to additional regions and explore other socio-economic factors influencing renewable energy adoption.